Who were the Pharisees? The name meant "the separated ones". They were also known by another name that meant "loyal to God". Among the Jews, who by and large were devoted followers of God, they were the extremists, the fanatical, the zealots. They took religion seriously, and their behavior showed it. They strove to live very holy and good lives according to the law. Can you imagine the dismay that people felt when they heard Jesus say the following:
"For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven." (Matthew 5:20 RSV).
If they can't make it, who can? Does that mean heaven will be empty? I know the kind of life I'm living, and it's not up to their level.
When I hear someone teaching about the Pharisees, I usually hear what I was taught in church growing up. "The Pharisees were bad, they were hypocrites. We Christians are good, because we are really living the way God wants us to, not just saying that we are like the Pharisees did." I hope you see the problem. Pharisee-ism will never be dead, as long as there are people trying to be good. Isn't that messed up?! I think it is a perfect illustration of the problem of sin, why it is beyond human ability to escape it, or overcome it. Even in people's best, sincere efforts to do good, they will sin.
Aren't we awfully quick to judge the Pharisees and set ourselves up as the standard of righteousness? Are we just as blind as they were? Do you know what is one of the common objections that Jews today have against Christianity? They say it has great appeal to people because it's a religion that doesn't require it's followers to do anything! It is too easy! Compare that against the strict requirements that the Jews have to follow. I hope you can see their point.
Now, if you grew up in a legalistic form of Christianity, I hope you will see how similar the argument is. Others may say they are Christians, but if they are not keeping God's laws as we are, then they cannot really be saved. It is too easy! Look at all the regulations we are following; they are clearly not our equals before God.
Let's think about where the Pharisees went wrong. Were they regular church goers? Yes. Were they committed to God? Yes. Were they overt sinners? No, and it's too bad for them that they were not. The man who knows he is a sinner has a wonderful advantage over the man who thinks he is righteous. The one will stand or fall before God on his own merits. The other cries out for mercy, for a way of escape. The mercy of God is Jesus Christ, the friend of sinners.